很多人一听到“现在完成进行时”就蒙了,又是“完成”又是“进行”的,到底想表达什么意思?
先来感受几个例子:
1.I have been learning English.
我一直都在学英语。
2.He has been reading for the whole afternoon.
他已经看了一下午书了。
3.It has been raining for three days.
已经下了三天雨了。
这些句子的特征都是描述一个动作从过去持续到现在,暗含没有停下来的意思。所以,对于这个名称很“复杂”的时态,不用想得很复杂,它的功能很简单:就是描述一个从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
看例句:
I have been teaching English.
表示“我从过去到现在一直在教英语,并且没有停下来”。
再来:
The kids have been playing video games for three hours.
表示“孩子们三小时前开始玩游戏机,一直到现在,没有停下来的意思”。
非第三人称单数:主语 + have been + doing
第三人称单数:主语 + has been + doing
例如:Your fingers are brown. You've been smoking too much.
你的手指变黄了,你抽烟太多了。
否定构成:
have + not +been +doing 可简写为haven't +been + doing
has + not +been + doing 可简写为hasn't + been + doing
例如:
She hasn't been eting regularly recently.
近来她不按时吃饭。
疑问构成:have/has + 主语 + doing...?
例如:
Have you been working out?
你最近有没有健身?
回答时用:
Yes, 主语 + have/has
No, 主语 + have/has+ not(可简写)
例如:
Yes, I have
No, he hasn't.
可视情况在后面加要做的具体事情,一般不必特别说明的时候不加。
现在完成进行时表示之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作,该动作目前可能已经停止,也可能正在进行。
例如:
The telephoe has been ringing continually in the office.
办公室里的电话一直响。
What have you been doing since I last saw you?
上次咱们见面之后,你都在做什么?
They have been dealing with quite a few corporations successfully.
他们和好几家跨国企业之间的生意一直做得很成功。
They have been seeing each other recently.
他们最近常常见面。
最后我们对比一下“现在完成时”和“现在完成进行时”的区别:
分两种情况:
1.最后不带时间状语,一个表示动作已结束,一个表示动作未结束。
I have taken a bath.
我泡过澡了。
I have been taking a bath.
我一直在泡澡。
2.最后带时间状语,含义是一样的。
I have taken a bath for one hour.
I have been taking a bath for one hour.
两句意思一样,都表示“我已经泡了一个小时的澡了,还没有结束”。
下面我们来做几道题测试下:
1.Joseph ______ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone
2. —Why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I ______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting
3.Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing
4. Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working
参考答案:
1.答案:A
讲解:根据句中的since可知,空格处应填完成时态,故可排除B和C;根据句意,空格处填现在完成进行时比填现在完成时更合适,因为它更强调“一直在做某事”。
又如:
1.He has been working since noon. 他从中午就开始工作了。
2.He was taken ill and no wonder, considering he has been overworking for years. 他生病了,也难怪,多少年他一直过度辛劳。
2.答案:D
讲解:现在完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作。在此题中,由于“一直在刷油漆”,所以才导致“看上去非常疲惫”,故选D符合句意。
3.答案:C
讲解:介词短语“over the past [last]+时间段”的意思是“在过去的……时间中”,它指的是从过去某时持续到现在的一段时间,所以通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用,故答案选C。
句意:过去几十年来,由于全球变暖,北极的海冰正慢慢消融。
又如:
Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade. 这一领域的技术经过过去10年的发展已经相当完善。
4.答案:C
讲解:over the last three months 的意思是“在过去的三个月期间”,这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用,四个选项中只有C符合此要求。
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since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian. A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone 2. —Why, Jack,