本文目录汇总:
英语的句子成分举几个例子帮忙分析一下
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义.一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分.句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等.句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分.
1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首.如:
Students study.(学生学习.)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语.
2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.如:
Students study.(学生学习.)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语.
3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:
They are teachers.( 他们是老师.)
I play with him.(我和他一起玩.)
这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语.
4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任.形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面.如:
This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)
He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩.)
这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语.
5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前.如:
The students study hard.(这些学生学习努力.)
I often write to him.(我常给他写信.)
The bag is too heavy.(这个书包太重了.)
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语.
6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态.一般由名词或者形容词担任.如:This table is long.(这个桌子是长的.)
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面.句子的成分分布如下:
(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)
如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday.
英语语法中的句子成分详解
句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
英语语法句子成分分析:主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
英语语法句子成分分析:谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
英语语法句子成分分析:表语
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
英语语法句子成分分析:宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
英语语法句子成分分析:宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
英语语法句子成分分析:定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
句子成分分析50个例句英语
1、Theyfoundalabyrinthoftunnelsundertheground.
2、Therewouldbenonewtaxesunderhisleadership.
3、如:Putitintothebox!
4、到出现的情况或是事情表示不介意
5、同位语:对句子中某一成分作进一步解释说明
6、you:主语;wouldpass谓语;me间接宾语;thecup直接宾语;please状语。
7、主语补足语是Tom.
8、putitintothebox是把……放在盒子里,句子成分要具体问题具体分析。
9、Peoplearenotinterestedinmoviesanymore.
10、HeiscalledTom.这个句子是被动语态结构。iscalled是被动语态结构。
11、作为作家,我对人物塑造感兴趣。
12、Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析
导语:句子成分由词或词组充当,下面我分析英语句子的成分,欢迎参考!
一、主语
主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于__句首____ 。
1.Lucy likes her new bike.
2.We work hard.
3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.
4.Playing football after school is great fun
二、谓语
谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由
___动词___ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.
• 1. We love China.
• 2. We have finished reading this book.
• 3. He can speak English.
• 4. She seems tired.
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语
They can speak English well.
They are playing over there
系动词
1)状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be一词
He is a teacher.
2)持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3)表像系动词,用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
4)感官系动词,主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
This flower smells very sweet.
5)变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6)终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。
三、宾语
宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在___及物动词____或__介词_____后面.
1.We study English.
2.Our teacher said that he would go there.
3.He is looking at the dog.
双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的'是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.
四、表语
表语:跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.
The trees turn green.
The flower is beautiful .
五、定语
定语:用来修饰__名词___.
This is a red car.
The building is their teaching building.
The woman doctor is my wife.
I have something to tell you.
The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li.
Every student has an English book.
六、状语
状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
John often came to chat with me.
As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.
My father worked in this school ten years ago.
Though he is young, he knows a lot
He came running
七、补语
补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。
Everyone calls him Jack. (宾补)
He is called Jack.(主补)
八、同位语
同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组,对前者进行补充说明
The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
;
初中英语句子成分分析
掌握英语 句子 结构,才能更准确的理解英语句子的意思并正确写出,也有利于提高中学生的 英语阅读 能力和写作水平。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分,欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子成分精选
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词 造句 ,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
请同学们认真阅读下面的问答,我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用。
【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?
【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及 短语 充当?
【答】
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如: He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。如:
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如:
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如: Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下
原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。
5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)
初中英语句子成分学习
英语句子成分结构详解
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
(一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
Two and two is four.
To be a teacher is my dream.
Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
eg:I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
I like swimming.
I like to swim this afternoon.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
(1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
(一)形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
(二)数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
(四)介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
(五)名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
(六)分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(七) 定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。
三、状语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时’in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
(一)副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
(二)介词短语作状语:
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
(三)分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
(四)不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
(五)名词作状语:
Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)
(六)状语从句:
时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语:
(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.
五、宾语补足语
位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新 方法 使这项工作变得轻松.
(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’) We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个 故事 还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结
构。
例:错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
英语句型结构及例句
英语的句子成分有8种,分别是主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(appositive)。
学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句和理解文段奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。
一、句子成分和基本句型讲前练指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分并总结出该句的基本句型结构。1.They have worked for months and even years.成分:主语 谓语 时间状语句型结构总结:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
2.The film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work成分:主语 定语 谓语 表语句型结构总结:主语+系动词+表语
3.I didn’t understand all of the traditional customs at first.成分: 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 句型结构总结: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
4.Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history成分: 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 句型结构总结: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
5.Traditional festivals enable usto learn fine Chinese values成分: 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 句型结构总结: 主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+补语) 小结:从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语
6.He was seenplaying basketball on the playgroundyesterday.(现在分词短语作主语补足语)
二、句子成分和基本句型精讲
(一)、句子成分
1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。EG:Lucylikes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。【名词作主语】Hegoes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。(代词作主语)To learn English wellis a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。【不定式短语作主语】
2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如:Weworkhard.我们努力工作。The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。Heislike his father. 他像他父亲。注意:介词不能作谓语,必须与be动词连用,构成系表结构,一起作谓语。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。EG:Music isthe utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。AsI take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.
3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,说明主语做 “什么”。EG:Tom boughta story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。【名词作宾语】I sawhim yesterday. 昨天我看到他了。【代词宾语】He decidedto run away from home. 他决定离家出走。【不定式短语作宾语】注意:宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语:有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语;合称双宾语。EG:I boughtmy sona box of Mark pens last night. 他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语 直接宾语Our teacher toldusaninteresting story. 老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语 直接宾语
4、表语:说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”;与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当;用在系动词后面。EG:I have been an English teacher since I graduated from university.我的姐姐是一名护士。【名词作表语】Terry seems in low spirits today.特瑞今天好像情绪低落。【介词短语】Tom’s dream has become true already. 汤姆的梦想已经实现。【形容词作表语】
5、定语:修饰名词或代词的成分,除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以作定语。EG:After years ofhard work,his career began to take.多年的努力工作之后,他的事业开始腾飞。【形容词作定语】Are these studentsyour classmates? 这些学生是你班的吗?【形容词性物主代词作定语】Winter is the coldest seasonof the year.冬天是一年中最冷的季节。【介词短语作定语】The building to be built next year will be our new teaching building.明年将要修建的建筑物将是我们的新教学楼。【不定式作定语】The peoplehere are very friendly.这里的人们非常友好。【副词作定语】注意:单个形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
6、状语: 修饰动词、形容词、副词,或修饰全句的成分叫状语。作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。EG:Jack runs veryfast. 杰克跑得很快。【副词作状语】All these clothes are madeby hand.shua。所有的这些衣服都是手工制作的。【介词短语作状语】She will arrive in Shanghaion Friday. 她将于星期五到达上海。【介词短语作状语】To pass the weekly test,he is studying very hard. 为了通过周考,他正在努力学习。【不定式短语状语】
7、宾语补足语: 有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个成分来说明宾语的情况,意思才能够完整,这个成分叫宾语补足语。宾语和补足语构成复合宾语。EG:They always call me Lao Yang.宾语宾语补足语 【名词做宾补】You must keep the roomclean and tidy.宾语 宾语补足语【形容词作宾补】Mr. Yang invitedme to visit his new house in Huaihua.宾语 宾语补足语【不定式作宾补】I hadmy old housepaintedlast week.宾语 宾语补足语We found the girls in our classplaying gameson the playground ten minutes ago.宾语 宾语补足语【现在分词作宾补】
8、主语补足语一个句子有时不足以表达完整的意义,需要再添加一个成分用来补充说明主语的状态,特征和性质,这个成分就是主语补足语。常用来做补语的成分有形容词,名词,数词,不定式,分词和介词短语。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.宾语补足语所在句子变成了被动语态后,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例句:I saw the kiteup and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)The kite was seenup and down.up and down是副词做主补)
9、同位语 同位语对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释和补充,说明它指的是谁、或者是什么。同位语大多数时候由名词来充当,形容词、代词、数词和从句也可以作同位语。Youchildren must learn to say please and thank you.你们这些孩子必须学会说请和谢谢。I heard the newsthat our team had won.我听说我们队赢了。句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补七种成分记清楚句子主干主谓宾(表)枝叶成分定状补定语修饰主宾表宾语之后常有补主谓人称数一致状语位置最灵活考点对练1:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。(将划线部分的句子成分写在横线上)
1.Jack and Tom are doingtheir homework now. 宾语
2.Bettyplantedmany trees and flowerson her farm 谓语
3.The boy under the tree isa policeman. 表语
4.We went on a visit to the Great Walllast week? 状语
5.Yangjing was mybest friend in my childhood. 定语
6.Healways walks in the park after supper with his wife. 状语
7.Mary asked meto help her yesterday. 宾语补足语
8.I boughtmy girlfriend a gold ringon her birthday. 双宾语
9.Mr. Weiremains a doctor. 谓语(系动词)
10.The boys and girlsseemed excited when they heard the news. 系表结构
三、简单句的基本句型简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子。简单句分为5种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(主语 +不及物动词)例1:My little sister can swim very well. 我妹妹游泳游得很好。主语谓语(不及物动词)例2:The planehas already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。主语 谓语2.主语+谓语+宾语(主语+及物动词+宾语)例3:The poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg.主语谓语 宾语泰坦尼克号上可怜的乘客们看到了冰山的顶部。例4:The company makes films . 这家公司制作电影。主语. 谓语 宾语例5:Stanley bought a flat last year. Stanley去年买了套公寓。主语谓语 宾语3.主语+系动词+表语(主语+连系动词+表语)例6:My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。主语 谓语 表语例7:She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。主语 谓语 表语例8:The cake tastes very yummy. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。主语 谓语 表语4.主语+谓语+双宾语(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)例9:My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语例10:Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗?谓语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语例11:Will you tell us something about your school life?谓语主语谓语间接宾语 直接宾语你给我讲讲你们的学习生活,好吗?5.主语+谓语+复合宾语(主语+及物动词+宾语+补语)例12:We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语例13:My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。例14:I heard her singing happily in the room just now.主语谓语 宾语 宾语补足语刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。考点对练2:指出下列句子的基本类型1.主语+谓语2.主语+谓语+宾语3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+谓语+双宾语(间宾 +直宾 )5.主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾 + 宾补)
1.Plants need water and sun. 主+ 谓+宾
2.The flowersare so fresh and beautiful. 主 + 系 + 表
3.The sun rises in the east. 主 + 谓 4.He gave me some flowers. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 5.We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主 + 谓 7.Her mother looks very young. 主 + 系 + 表 8.She teaches us English.主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 9.The children are jumping and laughing happily. 主 + 谓 10.Our teacher asked us to talk about thequestions in pairs.主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 11. He often tells me some interesting stories. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 12.The students must keep their eyes closed. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 四、考点应考技巧1、在语法填空题中,要注意分析句子成分,方能判断空格中应该填什么词性。2、在阅读英语文章遇到长句难句时,要不断培养分析句子成分,抓住句子的主干部分(主谓宾),方能理解好句子含义。
五、句子成分和基本句型考点精练(一)、划出下列高考真题中的句子的主()谓()宾/表语()(有从句时,只划出主句的主谓宾/表)。
The hostelsin Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night.【来自2021年新高考I卷】
2.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades形式主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语to decimate a large part of these resources.【来自2021年新高考I卷】真正的主语
3.Under this Act,all waterfowl(水禽)hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carrya Federal Duck Stamp.【来自2021年新高考I卷】翻译:根据该法案,所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭邮票。4.Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities.【来自2021年新高考I卷】 从句作宾语(宾语从句)翻译:研究表明,情感技能可能有助于提高这些品质
5.The abilityto accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients. 【来自2021年新高考I卷】翻译:准确理解他人的感受的能力可能会被医生用来找到如何最好地帮助她的病人。解析:要理解好这句话还要理解好句式“be used to do sth ”的含义,句式表示“被用来做某事”。6.Take a viewis a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond. 【来自2021年全国甲卷】 【此句是主系表结构】翻译:《采取一个观点》对于所有来者的英国和其他地区的摄影师是一个让人渴慕的年度竞争。解析:此句是省略句:beyond 后面省略了 all corners of the UK.
7.Officialsat Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are主语 谓语(系动词)表语 介词宾语known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养). 【来自2021年全国甲卷】翻译:林普恩港的官员们对新到来的到来感到高兴,尤其是因为黑犀牛以圈养繁殖(圈养)而闻名。解析:这里as 引导原因状语从句。8.Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.【来自2021年全国甲卷】 主语谓语 介词短语作表语翻译:没有我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天,我感到不知所措和不自在。解析:without.......一部分是介词短语作状
9.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.【来自2021年全国甲卷】翻译:南岸位于泰晤士河东部的一个拐弯处,是英国滑板运动的中心,滑板运动的不断碰撞让你会摇头。解析:此句主干是主系表结构。Where引导的是非限制性定语从句补充说明the center. 而at an eastern bend in the Thames部分是作主语补足语,补充说明Southbank的地理位置
10.I have traveledback several times since, most recently this past spring.【来自2021年全国甲卷】翻译:从那以后我去过几次,最近是去年春天。解析:此句是主谓结构,没有宾语,因为travel是不及物动词。
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