英语的句子成分详解
英语的句子成分主要有七类。分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语。 1、主语：主语说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定时（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句均可充当主语。 例句：A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风使水面泛起涟漪。（名词短语作主语） 2、谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 例句：I have tried this way three times.我用这种方法试了三次。 3、表语：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。 例句：Anita is a Canadian.安妮塔是加拿大人。（名词作表语） 4、宾语：宾语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等，双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 例句：We love pace.我们热爱和平。（直接宾语） 5、同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释说明。 例句：They each can get a chance to travel by air.（代词作同位语） 6、定语：定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。 例句：It is a difficult problem.这是一个棘手的问题。（形容词作前置定语） 7、状语：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子的一种成分。 例句：Arriving there，call me up.到了之后，给我来个电话。（现在分词作状语） 扩展资料： 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，其他处于次要部分。英语中的基本句型为主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+连系动词+表语；主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 参考资料：搜狗百科——句子成分 （定语）+ 主语 +（状语）+ 谓语 +（定语）+ 宾语 +（状语） 1.主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一 般放于句首。 2.谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组 担任，放在主语的后面。 3.宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之 后。 4.定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短 语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的 后面。 5.状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。 修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放 在它们之前。 6.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。
高中英语写作句子成分的讲解介绍
高中英语写作句子成分的讲解
一、 主语
句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。
练习：请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词，短语或句子)可以充当主语。
1. The boy comes from Amierican.
2. He usually wenti to school alone.
3. Studying English is every important.
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
6. It is important for us to have our dreams.
7. It is obvious that he was wrong.
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
归纳：主语一般由名词、_______,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括_____,______还有_______)。另外，当句子的主语为_______,_________或_________时，主语部分太长，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。
二、谓语
说明主语动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词词组充当。除了倒装等情况外，谓语总是位于主语的后面。既句子最主要的两大成分位置是：主语 谓语。英语写作句子成份讲解
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语，助动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。
注意：谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。
练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：是实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式?
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. We have finished reading the book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. I felt cold.
6. He doesn't like music.
三、 宾语
表示动作的对象，跟主语的性质差不多。一般由名词、宾格代词(me ，he等)或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做，直接宾语则是动作的承受着或结果。一般情况下，宾语都是在动词的后面， 它的顺序是：主语 谓语 宾语
练习：请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词(是名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词还是宾语从句)?
1. He has never met her in person.
2. She handed him a book.
3. He likes to play basketball.
4. We enjoy listening to the music.
5. She said that she felt sick.
6. They sent the injured to hospital.
7. I find it possible to believe her any longer.
8. We consider it no good getting up late.
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
注意：当句子的宾语为_________、______、或_______时，常用形式宾语it，以保持句子的平衡。
答案：一、主语
1. The boy 名词 2.He 代词 3. Studying English动名词 4.To teach him a lesson不定式
5.That he won the prize主语从句 6.it 形式主语，to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正主语 7.it 形式主语， that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语 8. it 形式主语 crying over spilt milk动名词短语做主语
二、谓语
1. His parents are teachers.系动词+表语
2.The sun rises in the east.实义动词
3.We have finished reading the book.
4.You ought to work harder.情态动词+动词原形
5.I felt cold.系动词+表语
6.He doesn't like music.助动词+动词原形
三、宾语
1. He has never met her in person.宾格代词
2.She handed him a book. Him宾格代词做间接宾语，a book名词作直接宾语
3.He likes to play basketball.不定式短语
4.We enjoy listening to the music.动名词短语
5.She said that she felt sick.宾语从句
6.They sent the injured to hospital.名词化的形容词
7.I find it possible to believe her any longer. It形式宾语 不定式作真正的宾语
8.We consider it no good getting up late. It形式宾语，动名词作真正的宾语
9.They believed it strange that he should have done that. It形式宾语，宾语从句做真正的宾语
高中英语otherwise的用法介绍
1、otherwise 作连词,意为“否则;不然”,相当于 or或 if not.如：
We'll go early,otherwise we may not get a seat.
我们得早点去,要不然就没有座位了.
I was ill that day,otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.那天我病了,否则我会去参加运动会的.
2、otherwise 作副词,意为“用别的方法;不同地;在其他方面;除此之外”,相当于in another way或apart from .如：
He is rich,but otherwise an unhappy man.
他有钱,但在其他方面是个不幸福的人.
He is naughty,but otherwise a nice boy.
他很调皮,但除此之外他是个不错的男孩子.
They should have been working,but they were otherwise engaged.
他们本应该在工作,但他们正忙别的事.
3、[拓展] and otherwise 等等;及其他
or otherwise 或相反;或其他情况
[例句] In the kindergarten,the children learn singing,dancing,drawing and otherwise.
孩子们在幼儿园里学唱歌、跳舞、画画等等.
Fine or otherwise,we shall have to go.
不管天气好不好,我们非去不可.
[小试] 将下列句子翻译成英语.
1.你最好现在就走,要不然就赶不上火车了.
2.我们当时不知道你遇到了困难,要不然我们会帮助你的.
3.幸亏他提醒了我,要不然我就忘了.
4.租金很贵,但房子倒是很好.
Key:
1.You'd better go now,otherwise you'll miss the train.
2.We didn't know you were in trouble at that time,otherwise we would have given you a hand.
3.He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
初中英语句子成分分析
掌握英语 句子 结构,才能更准确的理解英语句子的意思并正确写出,也有利于提高中学生的 英语阅读 能力和写作水平。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分，欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子成分精选
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词 造句 ，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
请同学们认真阅读下面的问答，我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用。
【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?
【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及 短语 充当?
【答】
1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如： He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如： Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下
原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。
5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)
初中英语句子成分学习
英语句子成分结构详解
一、英语语句基本结构分析：
(一)主谓宾结构：
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
Two and two is four.
To be a teacher is my dream.
Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.
2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语，形成主谓结构，
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去，如：come, go 等)
3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。
eg：I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
I like swimming.
I like to swim this afternoon.
(二)主系表结构：
1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语：联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
(1)当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构：
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，(如：something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
(一)形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
(二)数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
(四)介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
(五)名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
(六)分词(短语)作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(七) 定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。
三、状语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如：often)或程度(如：almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语)，也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时’in the classroom为地点状语)，最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
(一)副词(短语)作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
(二)介词短语作状语：
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
(三)分词(短语)作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
(四)不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
(五)名词作状语：
Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)
(六)状语从句：
时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，比较状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语：
(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语;一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.
五、宾语补足语
位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新 方法 使这项工作变得轻松.
(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如： We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’) We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个 故事 还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。
八、分词独立结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结
构。
例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。(注意，此句on his nose不可省略!)
初中英语句子成分讲解
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with o of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man ing here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer es. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the ins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. ins C. have D. breakfast 3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） The question is whether they will e. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来， *** ell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）…… It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food *** ells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. (三) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. 4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need o. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t e here. （名词） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） (五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） (六) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. ② What is your given name? ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④ I am afraid some people fot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. (七) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big *** ile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 参 考 答 案 (一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do (二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C (三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first (四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming (五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school ③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground (六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs (七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 虽然我很聪明，但这么说真的难到我了
如何分清英语中的句子成分
概念
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。
▲句子成分分类
1．主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.
讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.
数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个人就够了
不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.
从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.
▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。
如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.
▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：
It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers about three months to build the house.
2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：
He is very generous.
She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
3．表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语 You look younger than before.
名词作表语 My father is a teacher.
副词作表语 Everyone is here.
介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre.
不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English.
动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses.
从句作表语 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
4．宾语
▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。如：
名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代词做宾语 He often helps me.
不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in the open air.
动名词作宾语 The Americans enjoyed living in China.
从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in time.
▲直接宾语和间接宾语
及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。
如： We brought them some food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。
5．宾语的补足语
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:
名词作宾补 If you let me go, I’ll make you king. 形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty.
副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
介词短语作宾补 Make yourself at home.
省略to的不定式作宾补 I saw a girl go into the building.
带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down.
现在分词作宾补 The boss kept them working all day.
过去分词作宾补 Yesterday he got his leg broken.
在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：
▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call him Jack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
▲“宾语+形容词”。
常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：
Do you think his idea wrong?
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?
▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如： Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li drove us home.
When got there, we found him out.
▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：
We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
▲“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：
A 要求带to的不定式
The cool water of the lake invited us to swim.
B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
I often hear him read English in his room.
C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to
She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.
▲“宾语+现在分词”。
现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。
I saw them playing on the playground.
I heard Mary singing in the classroom.
▲“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。
I had my bike stolen.
The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.
▲ 形式宾语＋形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.
▲宾语+what 从句 Call me what you like.
Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.
The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.
6．定语
▲ 定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。如： 形容词作定语
The black bike is mine.
代词作定语 What’s your name?
名词作定语 They made some paper flowers.
介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.
不定式作短语 I have lots to eat and drink.
从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.
▲ 在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。
▲ 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。如：
We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.
Do you have anything important to tell me?
▲介词短语作定语时要后置。如：
Do you know the boy behind the tree?
The students in the room are all my friends.
I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.
▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置
What about something to drink?
I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.
注 动词不定式作主语时，to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。如果时短语时，那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的。
Do you have any piece of music to listen to?
▲nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。如：
We are at the top of the hill.
Can you see the village below?
The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?
They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.
7．状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：
He did it carefully.
They missed me very much.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
When I was young, I could swim well.
英语的主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,他们之间有什么区别,？
英语句子成分详细解释
一．主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体.它的位置一般在一句之首.可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子.
1．名词作主语. 如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上.)
Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江.)
2．代词用作主语.如：You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了).
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑
3．数词用作主语.如：Three is enough. 三个就够了.
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3.
4．名词化的形容词用作主语.
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动.
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行.
5．副词用作主语.如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了.
Carefully does it. 小心就行.
6．名词化的介词作主语.如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they e.
我们必须承受人生之沉浮.
7．不定式用作主语. 如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题.
It would be nice to see him again.
如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事.
8． 动名词用作主语.如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害.
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.
看电影是乐事, 制作影片则是苦事.
9． 名词化的过去分词用作主语.如：The disabled are to receive more money.
残疾人将得到更多的救济金.
The deceased died of old age.
死者死于年老.
10. 介词短语用作主语.如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远.From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.
从延安到南泥湾要三个小时.
11.从句用作主语.如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.
你无论什么时候准备好都行.
Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to.
不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走.
12.句子用作主语.如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语.
二．谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后.谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成.
1．由简单的动词构成.
(1). What happened? 发生了什么事?
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天.
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的.
2．由动词短语构成的谓语.
(1). I am reading. 我在看书.
(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?
(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到.
3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动.这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等.如：
(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam）
(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个!（take a look 代替了 look）
(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气.（gave a sigh 代替了sighed）
(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动.（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分,彻底的)）
三．表语
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等.它也可以说是一种主语补语.它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构.在系表结构钟,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语.可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等.
1．The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的.（名词）
2．So that’s that. 就是这样.（代词）
3．We are seven. 我们一共7人.（数词）
4．Are you busy? 你有空吗?（形容词）
5．Are you there? 你在听吗?（电话用语）（副词）
Is anybody in? 里面有人吗? （副词）
6．All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待.（不定式）
My answer to his threat（威胁） was to hit him on the nose.
我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去.（不定式）
7．plimenting（赞美,祝贺） is lying. 恭维就是说谎.（动名词）
Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗?（动名词）
8．I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶.（过分）
I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意.（过分）
9．She is in good health. 她很健康.（介词短语）
The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点.（介词短语）
10．Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗?（从句）
11．This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方.（从句）
补充：
能做系动词的实义动词：
e , go , run, turn ,get , bee , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)
fell,sound , *** ell , look , taste （感观动词）
seem, appear (似乎,好像)
例如：
1．Our dream has e true. 我的梦想实现了.（e后常加 easy ,loose natural 等）
2. He fell sick. 他病了.
Keep fit.保重.
Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry
3．The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了.（short , loose , wild , cold 等）
4．A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.
一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些.
四．宾语
宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后.如：
Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队.
可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等.
1．Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗?（名词）
2．They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们.（代词）
3．If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10.（数词）.
4．I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为.（名词化形容词）
5．He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里.（副词）
6．Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗?（不定式）
7．He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的).
他从不做使人感到意外的事.（名词化的分词）
8．Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?（从句）
扩展：
宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object).直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物（多指人）,具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等,间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前.如：I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位.
五．补语
补语（plement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分.补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语（subject plement）,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语（object plement）.
(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号.
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了.
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似.如：
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.
那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求.
(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米.（名词用作并与补语）
2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.
我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐（名词短语作宾语补语）
3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了.（形容词用作宾语补语）
3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣.（形容词短语用作宾补）
4.The rades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.
同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下.（不定式用作宾语补语）
5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙.（动名作宾补
6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事.
六．定语
定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词.可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等.
1．形容词用作定语是大量的.
（1）. She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家.
（2）. He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了.（后置定语）
2. 名词用作定语.如
（1）. A baby girl 女婴
（2）. well water 井水
(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车
（4）. A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
2．代词作定语.
（1）. Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了.（物主代词用作定语）
（2）. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责.
（不定代词所有格作定语）
3．数词作定语
（1）. There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法.
（2）. Do it now, you may not get a second chance.
现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了.
基数词用作后置定语： page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副词充当定语时常后置,如：
the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界
the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5．不定式用作定语
（1）. Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事.
（2）. That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法.
6．动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药
eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法
7．分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者
a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
7．介词短语用作定语.
（1）. This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图.
（2）. The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.
他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了.
8．从句用作定语,即定语从句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的.
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.
我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了.
七．同谓语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后.
1．名词用作同谓语是大量的.
（1）. We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女.
（2）We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家.
2．代词用作同谓语.
（1）.They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他.
（2）.Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧.
3．数词用作同谓语.
（1）.Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗?
（2）.They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来.
4．不定式与动名词用作同谓语.
（1）.Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对.
（2）.The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了.
5．Of 短语用作同谓语
The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术
The vice of *** oking 吸烟嗜好
6．从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句
（1）.The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不确.
（2）.We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题.
八．状语
状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分.如：
1．The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步.
2．可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等.
（1）.副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中.
He speaks the language badly but read it well.
这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强.
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.
当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上.
3．状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
（1）.时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
In China now leads the world.
(2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中.
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).
（3）.原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首.
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.
I eat potatoes because I like them.
(4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末.
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
(5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首.
He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨.
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
(6). 条件状语.多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首.
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to e, what should we say to him?
(7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首.
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福.
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8).程度状语.常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示.
The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何?
（9）.伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示.对位于句末和句首.
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.
He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.
英语句子成分讲解
222.240.233.54/jxzy3/2010/323345039,5,定语一般是放在名词之后修饰名词或限定名次的语句（只要看到名词并且意思上有修饰限定之意，就可以往定语靠拢）
状语是用在动词之后修饰动词的语句
系动词可分为be动词和感官动词，be动词有is am are was were,感官动词指“两看一听”如：seem,sound.
谓语一般放在主语和宾语之间，只要明确主语和宾语，很容易就可以找出谓语。
宾语是使役动词（have,...,2,主语就是在句子的最开头 一般是名词 动名词 代词·····
谓语是动词 紧随主语之后
宾语就是在谓语后面的
表语就是位于is am are 等系动词 半系动词之后的词
状语可以就是独立的分句 省去不会影响句子主干 修饰动词 形容词 副词用的
这个和语文上的句子成分是一样的...,2,直接查百科啊，有的,0,
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