专四英语语法句子成分分析
对于 句子 成分在英语语法中的地位和作用、对它理解乃至对它的 教学 方法 可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。下面是我带来的专四英语语法句子成分分析，欢迎阅读!
专四英语语法句子成分分析精选
新增题型有句子成分、句意理解及语法功能。
一、句子成分
如：which of the italicized parts functions as an object?
a. he doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting.
b. it is no use your pretending not to know the matter.
c. my parents strongly object to my going out alone at night.
d. her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.
[答案] c
[译文] 下列哪个句子中斜体的部分作宾语?
[解释] a 中斜体部分为介词 短语 修饰名词;b 中斜体部分为主语从句;c 中斜体部分为宾语，故为本题答案;d 中斜体部分为主语。
二、句意理解
认真对比题干选项，分辨出语义相同和不同的选项。如：
“the man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer” has all the following possible meanings except ?
a. the man who has prepared the documents„
b. the man who has been preparing the documents„
c. the man who is preparing the documents„
d. the man who will prepare the documents„
[答案] d
[译文] 下列哪个选项的意思与“the man preparing the document is the firm’s lawyer”不一致?
[解释] 本题考查现在分词结构与定语从句的替换。现在分词表达现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，但不能表达将来时。
三、语法功能
还有些考题考查选项中的句子或句子中特定成分的语法功能。这类考题需要熟练掌握句子的结构分析和句意分析，扎实掌握核 心语 法中的各项语法规则。 which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?
a. she said it for fun, but others took her seriously.
b. for all its effort, the team didn’t win the match.
c. linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.
d. he set out for beijing yesterday.
[答案] a
[译文] 下列斜体的短语中，哪一个表示目的?
[解释] a意为“她是说着好玩的，但是其他人当真了。”，本句中for fun表示目的; b意为“尽管非常努力，他们还是没能赢得这场比赛。”，本句中forall its effort表示转折;
c意为“琳达在那家公司工作了二十年。”，本句中for twenty years表示时间段; d意为“昨天，他动身前往北京。”，本句中for beijing表示方向。因此，a为本题答案。
一、双宾语
英语中，有些及物动词可接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。常用句型为：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：
give me a cup of tea, please. 请给我一杯茶。
有时，间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。如：she passed him the salt. =she passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。
her uncle bought her an english-chinese dictionary yesterday. = her uncle bought an english-chinese dictionary for her yesterday. 昨天，她叔叔给她买了一本英汉词典。 下面几种情况，通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：
1. 当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。如：
the watch is li leis. please give it to him. 这块手表是李雷的。请把它给他。
2. 当强调间接宾语时。如：
mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 母亲每天都为我们做早饭。
3. 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：
on the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 在公共汽车上，他经常把座位让给老人。 注：由to连接间接宾语的动词有：pass, give, show, tell, lend, take等;由for连接间接宾语的动词有：buy, cook, get, sing, make等。
可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。
专四英语语法句子成分分析阅读
复合宾语
英语中，有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。常用句型为：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。
1. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call, name, think, make等。如： we call them mooncakes.
2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make, keep, think, find等。如： at first i found chinese hard. 开始的时候，我发现汉语很难。
3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况：
2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear, see, watch, let, make等。如： he made us laugh. 他使我们大笑。
3)接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。如：
she often helps her mother(to) do some housework. 她经常帮母亲做 家务活 。
4. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, see, hear, find, keep等。如：in the country, he can hear birds singing. 在农村，他能听到鸟儿歌唱。
5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, take等。如：
the boy found his pen on the floor. 这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔。
同源宾语
一、概念：
少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语(cognate object)。
含义：只有名词担任的能重复动词部分或全部意思的直接宾语，前面常有修饰语
二、用法：
1.常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。
例如：a. under the leadership of the party, the peasants are living a happy life.在党的领导下，现在农民们过着幸福的生活。
b. i dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。
c. our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last august.
去年八月份，我们的战士与洪水作斗争，打了一个漂亮仗。
d. he died a heroic death. 他英勇地死去。
2. 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时，“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比，前者语气更强一些。
professor smith died a sudden death last wednesday.
(= professor smith died suddenly last wednesday.)
史密斯教授上星期三突然去世了。
注意：同源宾语前面通常带有定语。
e.g.：fight a good fight
breathe a deep breath
laugh a foolish laugh
smile a forced smile
3. 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时，该同源宾语常可以省去。e.g.：you should run your fastest(race).你应该尽快地跑。
the old man breathed his last(breath)this morning.那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸，撒手西去了。
专四专四英语语法句子成分分析分析学习
一、英语中的句子成分分析
imetmybestfriendtom at the ststion yesterday.
主语 谓语 定语 宾语同位语 状语
1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例：
(1) students syudy.(名词) (2)we are fridends.(代词) (3)to go to good university is his first goal.(不定式)
(4)doing morning exercise is good for your health.(动名词) (5)jane is good at playing the piano. (6)four plus four is eight.
2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例：
(1)students study.(实意动词) (2)we are friends.(be动词) (3)we love china .(4)he can speak english.(复合谓语) 3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象，目标;位于及物动词之后)。 (a)hegave 间接宾语直接宾语
(b)please pass me the book. (c)he bought me some flowers. (1)(3) (2) 4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。 (1)this is a red sun. (2)the black bike is mine.
(3)he is a tall boy. (4)she is a chemistry teacher. (5)the lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.
6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。
(1)the students study hard. (2)i often write to him.
(3)the bag is too heavy. (4)i will be back in a while.
(1) this table is long . the apple tastes sweet.
(2) the war was over . they seem to know the truth.
通常情况下，主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间作状语放在句子的后面。
(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)。 (1)(the tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo. (2)(the happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.
英语五种基本句型： 基本句型一：s+v (主+谓) 基本句型二：s+v+p(主+系+表) 基本句型三：s+v+o(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四：s+v+o+o (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
英语句子成份分析
英语句子成分分析
(1)It 是主语is 是系动词on my desk.是表语
(2)Please listen to 是谓语me.是宾语
(3)Last year 是状语he 是主语paid 是谓语a visit 是宾语to London 是定语with his parents.是状语。
(4)We 是主语have finished 是谓语reading the book.是动名词短语作宾语。其中the book是动名词的宾语。
英语句子成分分析？
He is in the room. 他在房间里。
句子分析：这里的he是主语，is是系动词，而in the classroom 是一个介词短语，在这里做表语。这个句子是“主系表结构”。
he lives in China. 他住在中国。
句子分析：这里的he是主语，lived(不及物动词)是谓语，而in China是一个介词短语，在这里做地点状语。
主语补足语：
主动句：We found her reading in the library. （宾语+宾语补足语）
被动句：She was found reading in the library. （主语补足语）
小建议：
做题的时候可以先把主干成分找出来，确定句子结构，即：主谓(不及物动词)；主谓宾；主系表；主谓+双宾；主谓+间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)。把这些成分确定下来，其余成分才能考虑是不是枝干成分，即定语，状语......。如果主干成分残缺，那句子有再多的定语和状语，那依旧不能构成完整的句子。例如第一题，如果把in the room当作主语补语或者状语，句子就缺少表语了，那么句子就不完整啦。
初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
1.We always work hard at English.
2.He said he didn't come.
3.They love each other.
4.What did you bye?
5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.
6.your job today is to help the old.
7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.
8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.
9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.
10.It takes me an hour to get there.
答案：
1.We always work hard at English。
—— —— —— —— ——————
主语 状语 谓语 状语 状语
2. He said he didn't come.
——— ——— ——— ——————
主句主语 主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语
3.They love each other.
—— —— ——————
主 谓语 宾语
4.What did you bye?
—— —— —— ——
宾 助动词 主 谓
5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.
—— ———— —————— —————————
主 谓 宾 宾语补足语
6.your job today is to help the old.
———— ——- —— ————————
主 定语 系动词 表语
7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.
———— —————— ——
主 谓 宾
8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.
———————————————— ————— ————
时间状语从句 主句主语 主句谓语
9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of
—————— ——— —————— ——— —————————————
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
their marriage.
————————
10.It takes me an hour to get there.
—— ——— ————— ——————
形式主语 谓语 宾语 真正主语
本人不太会用电脑，所以不知道下划线怎么弄，就用——代替了，不好意思啊！呵呵!
英语句子成分练习试题及答案
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。
10五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
10他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）
1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。
7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。
9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。
15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20他感到很难跟你交谈。
21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
There be 句型
1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。
9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。
11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。
13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。
KEYS
分析下列句子成分
1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This box weighs five kilos.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannot dress himself.
9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
10.He did not know what to say.
主系表结构 （主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 ）
1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States.
7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.
9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.
双宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ）
1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5He showed the ticket to the conductor.
6This term I have written three letters to my parents.
7My father has bought me a new bike.
8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
9Will you please get me a new copy?
10 Shall I call you a taxi?
复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 ）
1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.
3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open.
5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful.
7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.
9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out.
13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month.
15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
24I thought it no use talking with that man
There be 句型
1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2There was only a well in the village.
3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6
6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
7There used to be a cinema here before the war.
8There happened to be nobody in the room.
9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
10There comes the bus.
11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.
12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.
13There goes the bell.
14There are twenty-eight days in February
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