英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析
导语:句子成分由词或词组充当,下面我分析英语句子的成分,欢迎参考!
一、主语
主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于__句首____ 。
1.Lucy likes her new bike.
2.We work hard.
3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.
4.Playing football after school is great fun
二、谓语
谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由
___动词___ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.
• 1. We love China.
• 2. We have finished reading this book.
• 3. He can speak English.
• 4. She seems tired.
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语
They can speak English well.
They are playing over there
系动词
1)状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be一词
He is a teacher.
2)持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3)表像系动词,用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
4)感官系动词,主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
This flower smells very sweet.
5)变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6)终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。
三、宾语
宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在___及物动词____或__介词_____后面.
1.We study English.
2.Our teacher said that he would go there.
3.He is looking at the dog.
双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的'是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.
四、表语
表语:跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.
The trees turn green.
The flower is beautiful .
五、定语
定语:用来修饰__名词___.
This is a red car.
The building is their teaching building.
The woman doctor is my wife.
I have something to tell you.
The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li.
Every student has an English book.
六、状语
状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
John often came to chat with me.
As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.
My father worked in this school ten years ago.
Though he is young, he knows a lot
He came running
七、补语
补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。
Everyone calls him Jack. (宾补)
He is called Jack.(主补)
八、同位语
同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组,对前者进行补充说明
The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
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英语语法句子成分分析
英语语法句子成分是英语的核心,我在这里整理了相关知识,希望能帮助到大家。
英语语法句子成分分析
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。
如:
讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.
讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.
数词作主语 Three are enough.
从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.
▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如:
It is very interesting toplay the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house.
谓语
谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如:He is very generous.
She looks very smart and cool
We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语
You look youngerthan before. 名词作表语
Myfather is a teacher. 副词作表语
Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语
They are at the theatre.不定式作表语
My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语
Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语
宾语
▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面。有时,会有双宾语。
如:
名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代词做宾语 He often helps me.
不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in theopen air.
动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed livingin China.
从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work intime.
▲直接宾语和间接宾语
及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如:
We brought themsome food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for。
宾补
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.
如:
名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty.
副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.
省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.
带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down.
现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.
过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.
在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有:
▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call himJack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。
如:Do you think his idea wrong?
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有:down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如:Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li droveus home.
When got there, we found him out.
▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,两者有主表的关系。
如:We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
▲“宾语+不定式”
充当宾补的不定式有三种:
A 要求带to的不定式
B要求不带to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等
C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to
▲“宾语+现在分词”
现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系。
I saw them playing on the playground.
I heard Mary singingin the classroom.
▲“宾语+过去分词”。
宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成。
I had my bikestolen.
The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.
▲ 形式宾语+形容词
We found itimpossible to get there before Saturday.
▲宾语+what从句
Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istoday.
The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago.
定语
▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
如:
形容词作定语 The black bike is mine.
代词作定语 What’s your name?
名词作定语 They madesome paper flowers.
介词短语作定语 The boys inthe room are in Class Three, Grade One.
从句作定语 The tall boy whois standing there is Peter.
▲修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。
如: We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.
Do you have anything important totell me?
▲介词短语作定语时要后置。
如:Do you know the boy behind thetree?
The students in the room are all my friends.
I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.
▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置
What about something to drink?
I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.
▲near by,below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。
如:
We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the village below?
The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中。
如:
He did it carefully(程度状语)
They missed me very much.(程度状语)
Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.(条件状语)
In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(目的状语)
When I was young, I could swim well.(时间状语)
读这些句子巧记句子成分
The snow glows white on the mountain tonight
皑皑白雪覆盖今夜的山
Not a footprint to be seen
埋藏身后我的足迹
A kingdom of isolation
在这孤独白色的国度
And it looks like I'm the queen
我就是那冰雪的女王
The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside
狂风呼号,内心变涌动不能平息
Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I've tried
不管多努力,再也无法藏匿
Don't let them in, don't let them see
掩藏好自己,不许别人靠近
Be the good girl you always have to be
做一个好女孩,你必须一直都是
Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know
把真心封闭,不让人看清
Well, now they know
如今被看清
Let it go, let it go
不再躲,不再怕
Can't hold it back anymore
秘密已经大白于天下
Let it go, let it go
不管他,不害怕
Turn away and slam the door
告别过去不留一丝牵挂
I don't care what they're going to say
别人的话,何必在乎它
Let the storm rage on
就让狂风怒号
My power flurries through the air into the ground
雪花漫天飘下,这是我的魔法
My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around
冰雪旋转纷飞,是我搞错灵魂在升华
I'm never going back, the past is in the past
过去已是过去,是再也回不去
Let it go, let it go
不沉溺,不在意
And I'll rise like the break of dawn
如晨曦一般冉冉升起
Let it go, let it go
算了吧,忘了吧
That perfect girl is gone
别指望我回到过去
Here I stand in the light of day
站在这里,不再藏匿
Let the storm rage on
任那狂风怒号
The cold never bothered me anyway
句子成分有哪些
句子的成分可以分为主语部分和谓语部分.细分可以分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分等.
主语,顾名思义,主题、主体,也就是一个句子中主要述说的主体,一般位于句首.比如,小明和小花都很热爱学习英语,讲述的就是小明和小花,也就是主语.这个不难理解.
谓语,是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”.通常由我们的动词来充当着一成分,也成为谓语动词,谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后,由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成.比如小明喜欢小花,这里的喜欢就是谓语.这个也不难理解,英语中的时态变化通常在此体现.
表语,表即表明,表明主语的特征、身份以及状态.通常被认为是主语补语,说明主语是如何的,通常放在连系动词之后.最有名的连系动词就是be动词了.比如,小明很生气.这里的生气就是表语,换成英文就是Xiaoming is angry.Angry就在这个句子里做表语.又如,小花是个好学生,这里的好学生就是表语.Xiaohua is a good student.A good student就是补充说明小花的身份的.
宾语,动作的承受者.比如,小明不会伤害小花的,英文是Xiaoming won’t hurt Xiaohua.小明很显然是动作的发起者,也是句子的主体,是主语,那么伤害的对象是谁呢?小花,也就是这个动作的承受者,这也就是我们说的宾语.
打岔一下,很多人会分不清表语和宾语,在于他们都是尾随着谓语动词的,但有一个明显的区别就在于,表语的特点是描述主语的特征、状态和身份,而宾语是动作的承受者.状态和动作要分清.
定语,是用来说明名词的品质与特征的词或一组词.个人喜欢把它看成限定的意思,因为当你修饰的越多,信息也就越多,事物就描述的更加清晰,也就限定了这个事物.比如,小明是一个刻苦的男孩,英文说Xiaoming is a diligent boy.这里的diligent(刻苦的)就是我们的定语,因为它限定了是何样的男孩.他不是坏男孩,不是小男孩,而是一个刻苦的男孩.
状语,修饰副词、形容词、动词以及全句的句子成分.注意所修饰的词性.还记得什么修饰副词、动词、和形容词吗?就是副词.在句子中副词多充当状语,就如同形容词多充当定语一样.比如,小花非常漂亮,这里的非常就是状语.换成英文就是Xiaohua is very beautiful.这里的very就是状语.那状语还包括地点状语、时间状语、原因状语、目的状语、条件状语等,那么相应地可以理解,在句子中充当地点成分、时间成分、原因成分、目的成分、条件成分等,这些在句子中也都是状语.
补语,补语分为主补和宾补.主语补足语就如同前面说的表语一样,但表语只是部分的主补,主补还有很多其他的形式.比如小明又累又困,就睡觉去了,英文是tired and sleepy,Xiaoming went to bed.这里的tired and sleepy都是描述主语小明的,补充说明他的状态,这就是主补.那么宾补就是补充说明宾语的状况.比如,They name the boy Xiaoming.他们将小孩命名为小明,这里的小明就是补充说明the boy的.
独立成分,简单说下,就是与全句没有语法关系的句子成分.比如,oh,it is Xiaoming.这里的oh就是我们说的独立成分.
简单说,句子成分可以分为基本成分、附属成分、独立成分、省略成分和连接成分5类.
一、基本成分:
根据结构,可以分为5类.
① 主语+不及物动词:
John came.
② 主语+及物动词+宾语:
John likes apples.
③ 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语:
John gave Mary books.
④ 主语+系动词+主语补语:
John is happy.
⑤ 主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语:
John makes Mary angry.
主语、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分.如果把任何一个成分删除,都会成为病句.完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分.
二、附属成分:
基本成分可以加修饰语:
① 定语(即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句):
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby.
② 状语(即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句):
Whenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry.
这类句子,即使把修饰语去掉,结构仍是完整的.这种修饰语,可能在意思上很重要,但在结构上不影响句子的完整性,因此称作附属成分.
三、独立成分
句中还有一类成分,可以去掉,不影响句子的完整性,并和句子的其他词没有语法的关系,可以称作独立成分.
Oh!What a surprise!(惊叹词)
Come here,John.(称呼语)
四、省略成分
此外还有一类被省略的成分,虽然没有说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:
(You)Come here.
(I wish you)Good luck!
五、连接成分
最后还有连接成分,它实际上是一个并列连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句.
总之,一个完整的句子(从句或分句)必须包含2个到4个基本成分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分.
句子成分分析
句子成分分析法:
从句法结构的关系意义出发,对句子作成分功能或作用分析的方法叫句子成分分析法,即用各种方法标出基本成分(主语、谓语、宾语)和次要成分(状语、补语)。
句子有七个成分,分别为主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语、同位语。主语是一个句子的发生动作的主体,谓语一般是动词充当,宾语是表示动作发生的对象。
定语是一般是形容词充当修饰主语和宾语,状语是表时间、地点、状态、方位等等的限制补充的成分,补语是补充说明宾语。
句子成分分析?
句子成分分析法:
从句法结构的关系意义出发,对句子作成分功能或作用分析的方法叫句子成分分析法,即用各种方法标出基本成分(主语、谓语、宾语)和次要成分(状语、补语)。
句子有七个成分,分别为主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语、同位语。主语是一个句子的发生动作的主体,谓语一般是动词充当,宾语是表示动作发生的对象。
定语是一般是形容词充当修饰主语和宾语,状语是表时间、地点、状态、方位等等的限制补充的成分,补语是补充说明宾语。
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