英语句型结构及例句
英语的句子成分有8种,分别是主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(appositive)。
学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句和理解文段奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。
一、句子成分和基本句型讲前练指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分并总结出该句的基本句型结构。1.They have worked for months and even years.成分:主语 谓语 时间状语句型结构总结:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
2.The film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work成分:主语 定语 谓语 表语句型结构总结:主语+系动词+表语
3.I didn’t understand all of the traditional customs at first.成分: 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 句型结构总结: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
4.Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history成分: 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 句型结构总结: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
5.Traditional festivals enable usto learn fine Chinese values成分: 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 句型结构总结: 主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+补语) 小结:从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语
6.He was seenplaying basketball on the playgroundyesterday.(现在分词短语作主语补足语)
二、句子成分和基本句型精讲
(一)、句子成分
1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。EG:Lucylikes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。【名词作主语】Hegoes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。(代词作主语)To learn English wellis a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。【不定式短语作主语】
2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如:Weworkhard.我们努力工作。The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。Heislike his father. 他像他父亲。注意:介词不能作谓语,必须与be动词连用,构成系表结构,一起作谓语。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。EG:Music isthe utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。AsI take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.
3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,说明主语做 “什么”。EG:Tom boughta story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。【名词作宾语】I sawhim yesterday. 昨天我看到他了。【代词宾语】He decidedto run away from home. 他决定离家出走。【不定式短语作宾语】注意:宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语:有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语;合称双宾语。EG:I boughtmy sona box of Mark pens last night. 他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语 直接宾语Our teacher toldusaninteresting story. 老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语 直接宾语
4、表语:说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”;与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当;用在系动词后面。EG:I have been an English teacher since I graduated from university.我的姐姐是一名护士。【名词作表语】Terry seems in low spirits today.特瑞今天好像情绪低落。【介词短语】Tom’s dream has become true already. 汤姆的梦想已经实现。【形容词作表语】
5、定语:修饰名词或代词的成分,除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以作定语。EG:After years ofhard work,his career began to take.多年的努力工作之后,他的事业开始腾飞。【形容词作定语】Are these studentsyour classmates? 这些学生是你班的吗?【形容词性物主代词作定语】Winter is the coldest seasonof the year.冬天是一年中最冷的季节。【介词短语作定语】The building to be built next year will be our new teaching building.明年将要修建的建筑物将是我们的新教学楼。【不定式作定语】The peoplehere are very friendly.这里的人们非常友好。【副词作定语】注意:单个形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
6、状语: 修饰动词、形容词、副词,或修饰全句的成分叫状语。作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。EG:Jack runs veryfast. 杰克跑得很快。【副词作状语】All these clothes are madeby hand.shua。所有的这些衣服都是手工制作的。【介词短语作状语】She will arrive in Shanghaion Friday. 她将于星期五到达上海。【介词短语作状语】To pass the weekly test,he is studying very hard. 为了通过周考,他正在努力学习。【不定式短语状语】
7、宾语补足语: 有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个成分来说明宾语的情况,意思才能够完整,这个成分叫宾语补足语。宾语和补足语构成复合宾语。EG:They always call me Lao Yang.宾语宾语补足语 【名词做宾补】You must keep the roomclean and tidy.宾语 宾语补足语【形容词作宾补】Mr. Yang invitedme to visit his new house in Huaihua.宾语 宾语补足语【不定式作宾补】I hadmy old housepaintedlast week.宾语 宾语补足语We found the girls in our classplaying gameson the playground ten minutes ago.宾语 宾语补足语【现在分词作宾补】
8、主语补足语一个句子有时不足以表达完整的意义,需要再添加一个成分用来补充说明主语的状态,特征和性质,这个成分就是主语补足语。常用来做补语的成分有形容词,名词,数词,不定式,分词和介词短语。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.宾语补足语所在句子变成了被动语态后,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例句:I saw the kiteup and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)The kite was seenup and down.up and down是副词做主补)
9、同位语 同位语对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释和补充,说明它指的是谁、或者是什么。同位语大多数时候由名词来充当,形容词、代词、数词和从句也可以作同位语。Youchildren must learn to say please and thank you.你们这些孩子必须学会说请和谢谢。I heard the newsthat our team had won.我听说我们队赢了。句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补七种成分记清楚句子主干主谓宾(表)枝叶成分定状补定语修饰主宾表宾语之后常有补主谓人称数一致状语位置最灵活考点对练1:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。(将划线部分的句子成分写在横线上)
1.Jack and Tom are doingtheir homework now. 宾语
2.Bettyplantedmany trees and flowerson her farm 谓语
3.The boy under the tree isa policeman. 表语
4.We went on a visit to the Great Walllast week? 状语
5.Yangjing was mybest friend in my childhood. 定语
6.Healways walks in the park after supper with his wife. 状语
7.Mary asked meto help her yesterday. 宾语补足语
8.I boughtmy girlfriend a gold ringon her birthday. 双宾语
9.Mr. Weiremains a doctor. 谓语(系动词)
10.The boys and girlsseemed excited when they heard the news. 系表结构
三、简单句的基本句型简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子。简单句分为5种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(主语 +不及物动词)例1:My little sister can swim very well. 我妹妹游泳游得很好。主语谓语(不及物动词)例2:The planehas already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。主语 谓语2.主语+谓语+宾语(主语+及物动词+宾语)例3:The poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg.主语谓语 宾语泰坦尼克号上可怜的乘客们看到了冰山的顶部。例4:The company makes films . 这家公司制作电影。主语. 谓语 宾语例5:Stanley bought a flat last year. Stanley去年买了套公寓。主语谓语 宾语3.主语+系动词+表语(主语+连系动词+表语)例6:My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。主语 谓语 表语例7:She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。主语 谓语 表语例8:The cake tastes very yummy. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。主语 谓语 表语4.主语+谓语+双宾语(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)例9:My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语例10:Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗?谓语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语例11:Will you tell us something about your school life?谓语主语谓语间接宾语 直接宾语你给我讲讲你们的学习生活,好吗?5.主语+谓语+复合宾语(主语+及物动词+宾语+补语)例12:We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语例13:My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。例14:I heard her singing happily in the room just now.主语谓语 宾语 宾语补足语刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。考点对练2:指出下列句子的基本类型1.主语+谓语2.主语+谓语+宾语3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+谓语+双宾语(间宾 +直宾 )5.主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾 + 宾补)
1.Plants need water and sun. 主+ 谓+宾
2.The flowersare so fresh and beautiful. 主 + 系 + 表
3.The sun rises in the east. 主 + 谓 4.He gave me some flowers. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 5.We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主 + 谓 7.Her mother looks very young. 主 + 系 + 表 8.She teaches us English.主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 9.The children are jumping and laughing happily. 主 + 谓 10.Our teacher asked us to talk about thequestions in pairs.主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 11. He often tells me some interesting stories. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾 12.The students must keep their eyes closed. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 四、考点应考技巧1、在语法填空题中,要注意分析句子成分,方能判断空格中应该填什么词性。2、在阅读英语文章遇到长句难句时,要不断培养分析句子成分,抓住句子的主干部分(主谓宾),方能理解好句子含义。
五、句子成分和基本句型考点精练(一)、划出下列高考真题中的句子的主()谓()宾/表语()(有从句时,只划出主句的主谓宾/表)。
The hostelsin Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night.【来自2021年新高考I卷】
2.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades形式主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语to decimate a large part of these resources.【来自2021年新高考I卷】真正的主语
3.Under this Act,all waterfowl(水禽)hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carrya Federal Duck Stamp.【来自2021年新高考I卷】翻译:根据该法案,所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭邮票。4.Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities.【来自2021年新高考I卷】 从句作宾语(宾语从句)翻译:研究表明,情感技能可能有助于提高这些品质
5.The abilityto accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients. 【来自2021年新高考I卷】翻译:准确理解他人的感受的能力可能会被医生用来找到如何最好地帮助她的病人。解析:要理解好这句话还要理解好句式“be used to do sth ”的含义,句式表示“被用来做某事”。6.Take a viewis a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond. 【来自2021年全国甲卷】 【此句是主系表结构】翻译:《采取一个观点》对于所有来者的英国和其他地区的摄影师是一个让人渴慕的年度竞争。解析:此句是省略句:beyond 后面省略了 all corners of the UK.
7.Officialsat Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are主语 谓语(系动词)表语 介词宾语known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养). 【来自2021年全国甲卷】翻译:林普恩港的官员们对新到来的到来感到高兴,尤其是因为黑犀牛以圈养繁殖(圈养)而闻名。解析:这里as 引导原因状语从句。8.Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.【来自2021年全国甲卷】 主语谓语 介词短语作表语翻译:没有我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天,我感到不知所措和不自在。解析:without.......一部分是介词短语作状
9.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.【来自2021年全国甲卷】翻译:南岸位于泰晤士河东部的一个拐弯处,是英国滑板运动的中心,滑板运动的不断碰撞让你会摇头。解析:此句主干是主系表结构。Where引导的是非限制性定语从句补充说明the center. 而at an eastern bend in the Thames部分是作主语补足语,补充说明Southbank的地理位置
10.I have traveledback several times since, most recently this past spring.【来自2021年全国甲卷】翻译:从那以后我去过几次,最近是去年春天。解析:此句是主谓结构,没有宾语,因为travel是不及物动词。
英语语法中的句子成分详解
句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
英语语法句子成分分析:主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
英语语法句子成分分析:谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
英语语法句子成分分析:表语
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
英语语法句子成分分析:宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
英语语法句子成分分析:宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
英语语法句子成分分析:定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
英语的句子成分举几个例子帮忙分析一下
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义.一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分.句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等.句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分.
1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首.如:
Students study.(学生学习.)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语.
2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.如:
Students study.(学生学习.)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语.
3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:
They are teachers.( 他们是老师.)
I play with him.(我和他一起玩.)
这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语.
4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任.形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面.如:
This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)
He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩.)
这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语.
5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前.如:
The students study hard.(这些学生学习努力.)
I often write to him.(我常给他写信.)
The bag is too heavy.(这个书包太重了.)
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语.
6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态.一般由名词或者形容词担任.如:This table is long.(这个桌子是长的.)
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面.句子的成分分布如下:
(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)
如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday.
初中英语句子成分例句及详解
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
参 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
英语句子成分划分详解 关于英语句子成分划分详解
1、句子成分的名称及划分符号名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
(1)主语。主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 he likes watching tv.他喜欢看电视。
(2)谓语。谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类:1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。we study for the people.我们为人民学习。2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 i can speak a little english.我可以说一点英语。
(3)表语。表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 my sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
(4)宾语。宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。we like english.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。he gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: we make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
(5)定语。在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 he is a new student.他是个新生。但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。the bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。
(6)状语。修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 he lives in london。
2、英语句子成分口诀:
(1)主谓宾定状补,句子成分要清楚。句子主干主谓宾,枝叶部分定状补。定语用在主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。还有助词的地得,帮助区分定状补。
(2)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
英语中的句子成分详解!
英语的句子成分主要有七类。分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语。
1、主语:主语说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定时(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句均可充当主语。
例句:A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风使水面泛起涟漪。(名词短语作主语)
2、谓语:谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
例句:I have tried this way three times.我用这种方法试了三次。
3、表语:表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语,用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
例句:Anita is a Canadian.安妮塔是加拿大人。(名词作表语)
4、宾语:宾语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等,双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
例句:We love pace.我们热爱和平。(直接宾语)
5、同位语:对句子中某一成分作进一步解释说明。
例句:They each can get a chance to travel by air.(代词作同位语)
6、定语:定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。
例句:It is a difficult problem.这是一个棘手的问题。(形容词作前置定语)
7、状语:状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子的一种成分。
例句:Arriving there,call me up.到了之后,给我来个电话。(现在分词作状语)
扩展资料:
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分,其他处于次要部分。英语中的基本句型为主语+谓语;主语+谓语+宾语;主语+连系动词+表语;主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
参考资料:百度百科——句子成分
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